The requirements of macronutrients in diet

 The requirements of macronutrients in diet

This calculation of the desired proportion of fat, protein and carbohydrate in diet can be done in two ways-

(I) The first method is by the ratio between protein, fat and carbohydrate which should be approximately 1:1:4, i.e., if 100 gm of protein be given, fat should also be 100 g and carbohydrate 400 gm. But considerable variations, especially of carbohydrates, may be made to make diet high carb or low carb one.

(II) The second method is based on the total daily energy requirement of a person; 10-15% should come from proteins, 20-30% from fats and 60-70% from carbohydrates mostly polysaccharides.

Choice of foodstuff

The articles of food should be selected keeping in view the following facts-

(a)    Digestibility- Certain articles cannot be digested by human beings e.g. elastin and cellulose. Hence, these should not be taken into account for calculating the calorific value of that particular food, but the presence of cellulose in the diet to be considered as they give bulk and provide adequate roughage for prevention of constipation.

(b)   Palatability- Food should be palatable and tasty as per one’s choice. In some cultures it becomes very important.

(c)    Age-An infant before six months does not develop starch splitting enzymes specially the pancreatic amylase. Hence, starch should be given in moderation before this age. Food should be specific to the age of the person.

(d) Habit and preferences- Articles should be selected in such a way that   the subject is generally accustomed to it. Personal likes and dislikes should be taken into account. Unaccustomed diet cannot be easily digested.

(e) Religious and Social restrictions- Certain classes of people and certain religions have allowance or restrictions on specific food like animal origin food article i.e. meat, fish, sea food etc. Some dietary items are prohibited and some are allowed.

(f) Cost- the articles should be selected in such a way that the person can easily afford to buy.

(g) Medical conditions- Certain food articles are restricted in certain medical conditions like allergies, heart diseases etc.